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In The Hands Of The Fourth Estate

By Chaitali Dasgupta - 11:57 AM Wednesday 11 October 2006

I grew up believing that good journalism is about reporting an incident with as much truth and objectivity as possible. That journalism is about creating a space where the common man can find diverse views, opinions and ideas coming together to help him/her develop his/her own opinion about issues of concern. And suddenly in the last few years journalism blasted its way into every Indian home as the new avatar of news, views and blues of every kind.

Reporters are now opinion makers, manipulators and psychologists willy-nilly railroading the Indian psyche into a whole new phase of morality. They enter homes, bedrooms and private lives with impunity dragging unsuspecting people into a maelstrom of judgement and voyeurism.

Though even today most people rely on the print media for in-depth news, the burgeoning 24x7 news channels on television have become as saucy and spicy as a soap show. The biggest attraction- reporting from the rubble of events be it of accident sites, of riots, strikes, natural disasters, political campaigns, fashion shows, talent competitions and matches etc. You might be miles away from the place of the event but nonetheless you are sitting at home and witnessing the on goings. You are being carried to and from the site of the event to studio discussions and debates, opinion of authorities and public outcries. You are being provided with a whole range of information to develop your own opinion about a certain issue. So far so good.

But the idea is no longer to inform but to generate popularity and TRP for the channel.

Today when I flick the remote, every second channel is a news channel. Be it in English or in Hindi such channels are increasing in their count almost everyday. But what is alarming is the lackadaisical manner in which ‘reporting’ and development of a debate around a particular issue especially cases where values and belief systems come to play a major role in forming opinions and judgements is taking place.

A case in point is how a prominent Hindi news channel has a programme titled ‘sansanikhez’ (sensational). The intention is out there and the content can then hardly be kosher or have much to do with sobriety. What is disturbing are the stories that are being picked by these channels and their handling of them is a crass thus obvious desire to create a ‘sensation’. For instance the famous case of a small town Muslim woman called Gudiya set a frightening precedent in the way a Hindi news channel went out there to create an actual ‘media court’ to decide the fate of the young woman. Her discomfort at being part of a national voyeurism campaign was visible and painful to endure. In effect she fell into a stun and refused to speak on camera while others waxed eloquent on what her destiny should be. The anchorwoman was perhaps the most scary element in it all, for she was playing moralist/feminist/liberal/psychologist/puppeteer all at once.

While the English news channels are a bit more cautious in ‘spiking’ their stories with too much sensationalism there is no stopping the Hindi news channels, which cater to a much larger and diverse population. It’s not that this population is in anyway incapable of comprehending ‘intelligent’ reporting but because this population relies on the media more for entertainment, the Hindi news channels have been quick to pick on this aspect as their key to popularity.

These news channels are focused on airing stories on adultery, gruesome murder plots and homicide; on sting operations being carried out on MPs and God men involved in sex scandals; on politicians and police caught taking bribe; on tantriks and quacks being exposed for cheating poor and naïve men and women by promising them of a male child. Of course these are also social issues affecting people’s lives and they also need to be exposed. However it’s the nature of the stories they manage to ‘dig-out’, their handling, the tone of the reporter (which is reminiscent of suspense thrillers and murder mysteries- bad ones that is) and finally the sweeping statements they make on the moral character (usually of the women in the story) and dubious events which they never manage to factually substantiate, in fact, end up weaving live movie scripts rather than reporting news.

This quick disappearance between fact and spicy fiction is becoming an alarming norm. Add to that the new money-spinner called SMS voting, spot polls etc and suddenly a whole image of ‘the channel knows best’ begins to spiral onto hapless viewers.

But my real concern is to what level are these ‘news’ channels with their smartly dressed and well spoken ‘reporters’ being able to create any sense of introspection in their viewer’s thought process? My guess is nothing.

Barging into people’s room and into their offices, accusing them of fraud, re-enacting crimes, repeatedly playing scenes taken from a hidden camera in an MP’s room are only creating a sense of thrill and voyeuristic pleasure for that moment. Beyond that there is no real impact. There is no strong intention of creating awareness among the viewers’ about the immediate or even distant stake(s) that ordinary people can come to hold in these events.

When it comes to more in-depth reviewing of moral, ethical and sexual topics I shudder to even think of how these channels are dealing with them. (Here I mean both the Hindi and English channels.) Stories are being picked up either to fulfill the moral agenda of the person reporting the story or they are being given twists and turns and reporting language is being coloured with suggestive words to create a moralistic opinion. Take for instance the Rakhi Sawant controversy. Sawant’s allegation of sexual assault against Mika is twisted around in such a way, by zooming in more on her past ‘encounters’ and her professional ‘reputation’, that ultimately Sawant comes out as the lascivious woman who deserved what she got.

Sane voices that try to bring about a more informed discussion are drowned by the reporters’ own opinion and arguments that are based on age-old moralistic grounds, value-laden judgements or tried and tested debates belonging to the ‘Did the egg come first or the chicken?’ There is just no effort made to initiate a discourse that tries to look into issues from a more informed and dynamic perspective.

Instead the trend is just the opposite. Everything now is brought down to simple polls of ‘Yes’ or ‘No’ leaving no room for any serious contemplation. The votes that are coming in through SMS, Internet etc. are being claimed as public consensus and appearing to ordinary people as the dominant belief.

But who are these whopping 80 percents and 60 percents whose votes are being declared as public consensus? What is the authenticity of these numbers? Where are they coming from? As I watch these channels I wonder what is the competency of these swanky and verbally articulate reporters who are on their own wild trip generously dissipating their moral judgements, values and opinions to events and issues and terming them as peoples’ opinion?

In the name of bringing news and views to people from around the world many of these news channels are creating news to mould people’s beliefs into compartments; inactivating and saturating their thought process by sealing every issue with a conclusive poll and declaring it as the irreversible and final decision of an invisible public.

What might seem at a glance to be an attempt by the media to actively engage its viewers in reviewing events/issues and generate informed opinions is only a camouflage for homogenizing peoples’ values and beliefs systems, where everything has been chalked out by the reporter.

A whole new game of manipulation and homogenizing of views is quietly but aggressively being played out by these channels, under the pretext of reporting, gradually shrinking the space for expressing radical, novel and individual thought.

And the tragedy is, that as India reels under its global resurgence at a discomfiting pace people hardly have time to notice how they are being subsumed by a home-grown giant called the ‘new’ fourth estate.



Posted By Chaitali Dasgupta - 11:57 AM Wednesday 11 October 2006

Comments

Great Chaitali. I'm glad you wrote about this. Many years ago, way before so many news channels surfaced, someone had said to me that the kind of electronic media that is developing in India will one day create a lot of trouble for it. Those words came back to me today.

Media creates our reality and it therefore must function responsibly. As you rightly say news channels are the most scary because they form our opinions like none other. I find most (99%) of the Hindi News channels to be simply outrageous in their content and their viewpoint. The English channels are a little more sophisticated in their presentation and their selection of news but even they have tremendous flair for turning non-issues into world threatening crises.

All you can rely on for change is really the hope that the number of discerning viewers will continue to increase (sounds like a chicken and egg situation) and so will their collective voice against all this nonsense.

Posted by

Anusheh
  on October 11, 2006 03:49 PM

Good article Chaitali, here with us it is the same and i also notice this in newspapers which sometimes have headings at the top of their articles that do not cover the contents at all, just to catch your attention.

My husband is very "matter of fact" about this. He compares the brain with a hard disk. Just put it on your hard disk he says and do not pay more attention to it than necessary.

We had in our country a music band that had a very simple solution lol, they sang:

Hey there is a knob on your TV
That can turn you from it all away :)

I have become very selective in watching TV or reading papers. On the Internet you have lots of news channels too nowadays. Guess it all will boil down in the end to awareness and our own choices.

Posted by

Mieke
  on October 11, 2006 07:00 PM

Dear Chaitali,

nice article.

i am reminded of an incident which was told by M F Hussain when he was interviewed by a TV channel.

in the bygone era during the time of Chanakya, in the medieval India there was something as powerful and as slanderous as todays media...it was the ring of prostitutes.

it seems the shrewd Chanakya used to rely on this ring for breaking news and for spreading discontent among his enemies....

news, media....these days.....

the ring in those days....

Hussain said that the former had turned out to be more powerful entity than imaginable.

:)

lots of love

Posted by

Aachi
  on October 11, 2006 09:36 PM

Chaitali just what I was trying to say on the open thread a few days back. News channels are really going overboard these days. I have almost stopped watching them.

Oof and the Hindi news channels tobah! Mera toh sir chakrata hain jab kabhi galti se bhi mein inhe dekhti hoon!

This thing that you have written about the handling of the stories is so true Chaitali. I remember once coming across a 'news item' on one of the Hindi channels where the reporter with his camera crew were busting a racket that a quack/tantrik was carrying out. They barged into her house. And started accusing her of fraud. The victim and her family too were present at the scene. But what was really infuriating me was that through out the episode the victim woman who was holding an infant (a baby girl ) in her arms kept weeping and saying that the quack had taken money from her and promised that she would be delivering a male child. Then she kept pointing to the infant in her arm and crying and howling now I have a girl child and I am doomed etc etc. They kept highlighting the woman's desperation. This went on through out the programme.

I was shocked to see this episode. I didn't know who I should sympathize with. The victim or the quack? Aur sach kahu toh mujhe zaada gussa uss victim aurat aur uske family par aa raha tha. Lag raha tha jake do chaper maar doon (apologize for the aggression but can't help it!) unko aur uss stupid reporter ko bhi!Here they were standing right in front of the camera mourning the birth of the girl child while carrying her in their arms. I felt so sorry for the little baby.

And the reporter just didn't bother. For him what was more important was all the dramatization that was helping him create thrilling experience for the audience.

There was no sensitivity at all in the story. The reporter could have connected it to how preference for male child gets people into taking such extreme steps and how the girl child is still considered a burden to parents and how this social ill needs to be removed. But no. This would not be masala mix for the channel.

Just imagine what a news like this is telling people. I'm sure many people who watched this programme must have been saying Oh! Poor woman could not have a boy. Stuck with yet another girl child. Is this how the channels think they are going to bring about any social consciousness in the people? If so then I think they need to get their heads checked. Unko apni dimaag ka ilaaj karana chahiye!

Must say this is a fantastic blog and I am really happy I came across it.

Posted by

Simran
  on October 12, 2006 10:56 AM

Hi Aachi, Mieki, North, Simran and Anusheh.

Dear Anusheh,

The media must understand that it has the power to change things but more important is what type of change it is trying to bring about. Progressive or regressive? Like the case that Simran mentioned on the open thread about the hue and cry that the channels were trying to make on the Katrina Kaif incident. Perhaps some sort of a monitoring scheme (by viewers) needs to be developed which will not inhibit freedom of expression but will help to direct it towards more sensible and sensitive direction.

Aachi,

Definitley media is a very powerful tool. And that is why those involved in it must be careful in what they are putting out to their viewers.

I too am reminded of a story. This one though is fictional. It was one of the Bond movies where a media tycoon in his desire to rule the media world (and through it the world) plots and plans events and circumstances that lead to situations were enemy countries unknowingly end up killing each others men. Once he is affirmed by his men that the work has been done he immediately airs it on his channel and prints it in his papers. So it's his company which has the breaking sansani news first!

Dear Mieki,

So the scene is the same everywhere. Even I've noticed many news items in the print media where the heading is something and the content something. No link. or even if there is its connection to the heading fills just two three lines of the item and the rest is all incidental things. Many items don't carry the necessary data or information or facts that will make the story more comprehensible.

Some of us are priviledged to be aware of all these things but there are millions who are not and for whom choices are also limited. I often wonder about where they are being lead to by these channels. It is quite scary.

Hi Simran,

Channels are too busy with their TRPS. Sensitivity is lacking just like the story that you mentioned. They think they are being sensitive by focussing on the woman's misery but on a larger scale they are doing just the opposite. Thanks for adding to how aggressivley the media is handling sensitive issues.

Glad you find the blog fascinating.

Posted by

Chaitali
  on October 12, 2006 01:23 PM

Good post Chaitali. I was just thinking of how many stories can be a case in point. In fact it's almost become a deterrent to watching news channels, especially Hindi ones, for the truth/objectivity is no longer something you rely on. I remember the whole fiasco with Rahul Mahajan and how the media in effect (on every news channel) did nothing but report that story as 'breaking news' for 4 days non-stop eclipsing deaths, terrorist murders and even key international events because they could not give us enough of the 'behind the scenes'. Not for a moment did anyone heading these channels ask themselves the very pertinent question- 'who is Rahul Mahajan anyways???' Naturally then they went on to make a sweet/hapless/victim out of him with equal aplomb, covering his wedding etc as if he were nothing short of a famous celebrity.

Really makes you wonder how this doctoring of 'public opinion' is in fact affecting the outcome of many cases in court, the behaviour of public figures and responsibility to the people.

Truly as you say we are quite in the 'hands of the fourth estate'.

Posted by

Jasjit
  on October 12, 2006 02:24 PM

Hi Chaitali and Jasjit,

We are truly living in a period of the information and communication revolution. But i believe it is also an evolution. Guess only thing we for instance as an aware parent can do is make our children and grandchildren aware of this.

And of course what you are doing here and your blogbook will no doubt have influence too.

I do not know if you have read some articles of DK Matai on the Intentblog. Some ten years ago he founded a few philantropic corporations, kind of think tanks in Europe of which many prominent people are a member. By means of his articles he is giving much information on different aspects of society and is encouraging the blog community at Intent to share and comment on their views and to try to develop solutions too.

And now for instance Al Gore is busy with a tour of awareness through Europe about the global climate change. Every news channel here in the different countries have an interview with him and show excerpts from his documentary movie.

Keep up the good work and thanks for sharing it :)

Posted by

Mieke
  on October 12, 2006 03:01 PM

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